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1 Knot (Rugs)
There are two kinds of knots used to form the pile in Oriental rugs, the Turkish or Ghiordes and the Persian or Senna-The quality of the rug is judged by the number of knots to a square inch. -
2 Senna Knot
This knot is one of two methods of. tying the short wool tufts which form the pile in hand-made Eastern rugs and carpets. This knot is always used in the Central Asian rugs, and is used in Persia, also in the rugs from Kirmian, Kasham, Sarouk, Kermanshah, Sehna, Sarabend, Meshed, Shiraz, Feraghan, and Khor-assan. The manner in which this knot is tied places a pile thread between adjacent warp threads. This allows more knots per inch and a denser pile than the " Ghiordes Knot".
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3 Central Asian Rugs
The rugs made m Central Asia have characteristic patterns and colour schemes differing from other Eastern rugs. The colour scheme, which produces beautiful effects is dominated by one colour and not by contrasts. The colours are varying shades of red, terra cotta, maroon and brown. Their patterns are never floral, but always geometrical such as octagons, diamonds or hexagons, repeated in rows. A central medallion is not used. The weavers employ the " Sehna knot " and finish the sides of the rugs with an " overcasting " or " double-overcasting " of two or more cords. The ends are left long and have fringes of fantastic designs.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Central Asian Rugs
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4 Derbend Rugs
Medium and large size rugs made in Caucasia. The ground is of goat-hair, with long, soft pile tied in all-wool, occasionally of Ghiordes knot, and having a fine lustre. The weave is loose. The designs are geometrical, star patterns often occurring. The chief colours are red, yellow and blue. The ends of the rugs are finished with long, knotted fringes. The rugs have a rather coarse appearance. -
5 Ghiordes Rugs
One of the best styles of Turkish hand-made rugs. Some are all wool, and others have wool ground and silk pile in very close weave and gorgeous designs. The pile is tied with the Ghiordes knot. Some modem rugs have cotton ground and long loose wool pile in many colours. The early fabrics were mostly prayer rugs. -
6 Kulah Rugs
Rugs of large size with long loose pile containing mohair, made in Asia Minor. The colours and designs are inferior to antique rugs. The olden rugs were all-wool in prayer rug designs with a short and close pile, tied in Ghiordes knot - red and gold-brown colours were often used. They are produced by men weavers with 16 to 48 knots per square inch. -
7 Caucasian Rugs
The colours of these rugs are lighter, brighter and not always harmonious than other Eastern makes. The patterns are geometrical, but differ from those of Central Asia in that they are massed together and not the repetition of a single object. The weavers use the Ghiordes knot and the ends of the webs are left short and uncoloured. The " Latch-hook " (see Rugs) is a favourite and seldom absent from both field and border. -
8 Circassian Rugs
All-wool rugs, having a short and loose pile, tied in Ghiordes knot, both ends are finished with a narrow knotted fringe; usually elementary colours are used, white extensively. These are commercial carpets and rugs and produced in the Russian districts of Dagheston, Kuba and Circassia. -
9 Demirdji Rugs
All wool rugs, made in Asia Minor. The loose and medium long pile is tied with the Ghiordes knot. The designs and colours show great variety. They are similar to the Onshak rugs, but of a better quality. -
10 Herez Rugs
Fine Persian rugs made with cotton foundation and close wool pile tied in the Ghiordes knot. The design is usually a centre medallion with straight outlines and floral patterns in blue and red. The border is in a light colour. These rugs are very similar to Gorevan differing in the design motif for the medallion centre. -
11 Khorassan Rugs
Medium and large size Persian rugs made of the Khorassan wool. The close and long fine wool pile is used in Senna knot. The pile is clipped to give an uneven surface. Magenta and blue colours predominate. Designs are usually composed of fish or palm effects. The palm leaf design is usually a small leaf in a larger one. Borders are trailing palm leaves. The rugs are of good quality. There are two picks between each row of tufts, and at intervals three or five picks. -
12 Mosul Rugs
All-wool rugs, hand made, combining the Ghiordes knot with a close weave. The designs are not distinctive but are diverse; geometrical, the "Pear" (see rugs) and others are mixed. Simple borders of three stripes are used. Coarse wool, weft dyed blue, crosses twice between each row of tufts. The pile is soft and silky, and sometimes camel hair is used. -
13 Shirvan Rugs
All-wool rugs made in Caucasia from white, grey or dyed wool yarns. The pile warp is tied in Ghiordes knot. Geometrical designs in blue, yellow and red colours. The ends have long knotted fringes. These are similar to the Soumak rugs, but have a denser pile. -
14 Turkish Rugs
Native made rugs with floral motives in conventional forms. The colours are rich and boldly massed. Most of these rugs are prayer mats and nearly always have the Prayer Arch design. The weavers use the Ghiordes knot, and the end webs are coloured. -
15 Bakhshis Rugs
Rugs of Persian make, having a cotton yarn foundation. The pile of loose coarse wool being tied in Ghiordes knot. -
16 Baluchistan Rugs
Oriental rugs made in North-west India, of wool, goat's and camel's hair. The long thick pile, is tied in Senna knot. The designs are of geometrical styles in reds, blues and browns, with a little white. -
17 Bijar Rugs
All-wool Persian rugs, of a stout coarse weave, in Ghiordes knot with the "buried thread" warp system. The colours are chiefly reds and blues -which are usually massed. The patterns are somewhat indistinct, the borders are simple and usually of three-stripes only. Wool warp and weft, and a pile of wool. -
18 Chichi Rugs
All-wool rugs made in Caucasia; the pile is of medium length, tied in Ghiorcdes knot. The colours are dark, blue is often used. The pattern consists of irregular and varied figures in the field, of crosses, conventionalised flowers and geometrical designs. There is a wide border of several stripes. Both ends are finished with a narrow knotted fringe. -
19 Feraghan Rugs
Small Persian rugs, woven from all cotton warp and a short wool pile tied, in "Sehna knot," the weave is of coarse texture. The " Herati " design is the chief feature of the field and the border usually has the so-called " Turtle " trail pattern. Colours are dark blue ground with rose-pink designs. The borders usually have seven stripes, the main one the turtle trail, and saw-tooth and other stripes on a grass-green ground. There are two picks between each row of knots and the pile is very silky and lustrous. -
20 Gorevan Rugs
Fine Persian rugs of carpet size, made with cotton warp, the close wool pile is tied with the Ghiordes knot. The design is usually of central medallions in concentric diamond shapes, and the " Turtle " pattern in the border. Colours tare shades of terra-cotta, apricot and blue.
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